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NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA 14-16 AHMADU BELLO WAY, VICTORIA ISLAND LAGOS SCHOOL OF EDUCATION OCTOBER 2013 EXAMINATION COURSE CODE: EDU 821 (3 Units) COURSE TITLE: STATISTICAL METHODS TIME: 3 HOURS INSTRUCTION: ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER THREE QUESTIONS.

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Using our past exam questions is a practical and effective study strategy that enhances preparation, builds confidence, and improves performance in exams by providing focused practice and valuable feedback.

NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA 14-16 AHMADU BELLO WAY, VICTORIA ISLAND LAGOS SCHOOL OF EDUCATION OCTOBER 2013 EXAMINATION COURSE CODE: EDU 821 (3 Units) COURSE TITLE: STATISTICAL METHODS TIME: 3 HOURS INSTRUCTION: ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER THREE QUESTIONS. 1. (a)(i) Distinguish between ‘Statistics’ and ‘Statistic’ (ii) Describe THREE types of Statistics (10 marks) (b) What do the following symbols represent? (i) ?f (ii) ?2 (iii) ? (iv) ? (v) ? (5 marks) (c) The following frequency distribution for the number of minutes per week spent watching TV by 290 ODL students are as contained in the table below: Viewing Time 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 Number of students 14 46 58 76 68 62 6 Find (i) The upper limit of the fifth class (ii) The class mark of the third class (iii) The class boundaries of the sixth class (iv) The percentage of students whose weekly viewing does not exceed 60 minutes (v) The relative frequency of the sixth class (10 marks) 2. (a) Five hundred and forty different animals were kept in the farm of National Open University of Nigeria in Kaduna as shown in the table below: Animals Cow Dog Goat Pig Rabbit Turkey Sheep Frequency 15 30 90 45 150 108 102 (i) Calculate the percentage composition of each category of each animal. (7 marks) (ii) Sketch the Pie Chart representation of these animals (3 marks) (b) Define each of the following terms: (i) Mode (ii) Range (iii) Quartiles (iv) Percentiles. (4 marks) 3. (a) (i) Differentiate between Spearman Rank Order and Point-Biserial Correlation (ii) Give TWO characteristics of a standard score (iii) Mention FOUR methods by which Open and Distance learning students’ TMA scores could be standardised. (8 marks) (b) Calculate the mean of the following set of scores in Educational Statistical Methods for 100 students using Assumed mean method. Score 61 64 67 70 73 Frequency 5 18 42 27 8 (7 marks) 4. (a) (i) Give full meaning of ANOVA, MANOVA, ANCOVA, MANOVA (ii) What does each of the following inferential statistics measure? t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, Multiple Regression (iii) If t-calculated is 0.175 and t-table value is 2.042, what decision would you take on the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. (8 marks) (b) (i) What are hypotheses? Explain TWO types of hypothesis. (ii) Enumerate THREE types of sampling techniques. (7 marks) 5. (a) A box contains 3 white balls and 2 black balls. While the balls drawn are not replaced, what is the probability that the (i) first ball drawn is black (ii) second ball drawn is black (iii) probability that both balls drawn are black (7 marks) (b) (i) Differentiate between subjective and objective probabilities. (ii) Explain FIVE features of randomisation in sampling process (8 marks)

National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) 

 Overview: 

The National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) is Nigeria's foremost open and distance learning institution. Established in 1983 but suspended until 2002, NOUN was re-launched with a mission to provide flexible, accessible, and quality education to Nigerians. It operates under the auspices of the National Universities Commission (NUC) and offers a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs across various disciplines. 

Mission and Vision: 

 Mission: To provide affordable, flexible, and high-quality education to all Nigerians, leveraging open and distance learning methodologies.
Vision: To be the foremost institution providing accessible and quality education through open and distance learning in Nigeria and beyond. 

Key Features and Distinctions:

Open and Distance Learning (ODL) Model: NOUN operates primarily through distance learning methods, allowing students to study from any location and at their own pace. This flexibility caters to working professionals, adults seeking education, and individuals unable to attend traditional on-campus programs. 

Programs and Accreditation: NOUN offers a wide array of undergraduate and postgraduate programs in fields such as Arts, Social Sciences, Management Sciences, Health Sciences, Education, Law, and Agricultural Sciences. All programs are accredited by the NUC, ensuring they meet national educational standards.

Admission and Enrollment: Admission into NOUN is open to all qualified individuals, irrespective of their educational background or location. Prospective students apply online and are admitted based on the fulfillment of specified entry requirements for each program. 

 Learning Resources and Support: The university provides robust learning resources and support services tailored for distance learners. This includes online course materials, virtual classrooms, academic counseling, and access to physical study centers across Nigeria.

Examinations and Assessment: Students participate in periodic examinations conducted at designated centers nationwide. Assessments may include assignments, quizzes, and final examinations, all designed to evaluate students' understanding and mastery of course materials. 

Research and Development: NOUN promotes research and scholarly activities among its faculty and students, contributing to knowledge creation and dissemination in various academic disciplines.

Community and Outreach: Beyond academic pursuits, NOUN is committed to community engagement and outreach initiatives aimed at promoting educational opportunities and societal development. 

Accolades and Recognition:
NOUN has earned recognition both nationally and internationally for its pioneering efforts in open and distance learning, contributing significantly to the democratization of education in Nigeria. 

Future Directions:
Moving forward, NOUN continues to expand its program offerings, enhance its learning technologies, and strengthen its academic partnerships to further its mission of providing accessible and quality education to Nigerians. 

Conclusion:
The National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) stands as a beacon of open and distance learning in Nigeria, offering flexible educational opportunities that cater to the diverse needs of its student population. With its commitment to quality, accessibility, and innovation, NOUN plays a vital role in shaping the educational landscape of Nigeria and beyond.